Grade 304 / 18-8 — the workhorse
AISI 304: 18–20% Cr, 8–10.5% Ni, C ≤0.08%, balance Fe. ISRI code: 'Stainless Steel Scrap 18-8.' Source: kitchen equipment, food/dairy processing, architectural panels, sheet/plate fabrication. Most-traded stainless grade globally. Pricing: LME 3M Ni × 8% nominal × recovery factor − $400–$800 stainless discount.
Grade 316 / 18-10-2 Mo — the chemical-resistant premium
AISI 316: 16–18% Cr, 10–14% Ni, 2–3% Mo. ISRI code: 'Stainless Steel 18-10-2 Mo.' Source: chemical processing equipment, marine, pharmaceutical vessels. Premium over 304 because Mo (priced separately at Platts) adds $300–$700/MT to the contained value. Discount: $500–$1,000/MT below LME Ni-derived value.
Solid vs turning preparation
Solids: sheet, plate, vessel cut-ups, tube — load at 22 MT per 20GP, magnet-tested, photo-documented. Turnings: dry oil-free machining turnings — load at 20 MT per 20GP, degreased before loading, may require briquetting for buyers with hopper-charging. Discount on turnings is wider than solids because of density and oil residue handling.
Specialty grades
309 (22-13): high-temperature, furnace applications. 310 (25-20): higher-temperature, similar to 309 with more Cr/Ni. 321 (Ti-stabilised): for high-temperature service avoiding chromium carbide precipitation. 410 (12% Cr, low Ni): martensitic, magnetic — traded as a distinct grade. Specialty grades come from European specialty mill arisings and trade in smaller, on-request lots.
ISRI specifications
Stainless Steel Scrap 18-8: minimum 7% Ni and 16% Cr, free of foreign attachments. Stainless Steel Scrap 18-10-2 Mo: minimum 9% Ni, 16% Cr and 2% Mo. Stainless Steel Turnings 18-8 / 18-10-2 Mo: dry, free of oil and grease, unbriquetted unless agreed.
Nickel-linked pricing math
Stainless scrap value = (LME 3M Ni × nickel content % × recovery factor) + (Cr value × Cr % × recovery) + (Mo value × Mo % × recovery, if 316) − stainless-scrap discount. The dominant component is nickel because LME nickel moves daily and dwarfs the Cr and Mo contribution. A typical 304 contract: LME Ni $18,000/MT × 8% × 0.95 = $1,368/MT contained Ni, plus Cr/Fe value, minus $500 discount.
Inspection — XRF is mandatory
Stainless scrap must be XRF-tested at multiple points on every inbound lot to verify chemistry; visual grading alone is unreliable because 304, 316 and 200-series ferritic look similar. Nautica XRF-scans at the yard before loading and supports SGS/BV/Intertek pre-shipment XRF re-checks at buyer's option.
Cross-contamination — the 304/316 question
316 traded as 304 by mistake costs the buyer the Mo premium. 304 traded as 316 costs the seller. Cross-contamination is contractually capped at typically 0.5% by weight, verified by XRF on the discharge-port re-check. Nautica segregates 304 and 316 in separate yard bays and XRF-tests every container.
Where stainless ships
Indian induction-furnace mills (Nhava Sheva, Mundra, Mumbai) — large buyers of 304 solids and turnings. Turkish stainless re-rollers (Mersin, Aliağa) — 304 and 316. Chinese stainless producers (Shanghai, Tianjin) — premium 316 specialty. Korean specialty mills (Busan) — 309/310/321 niche grades.
Take this guide further
For ISRI grade detail see the ISRI Scrap Grades Guide. For specification-level purchasing see the Stainless Steel 304 Scrap and Stainless Steel 316 Scrap pages. For procurement, see the Stainless Steel Scrap Supplier page.